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Pterophyllum scalare
''Pterophyllum scalare'', the species most commonly referred to as angelfish or freshwater angelfish, is the most common species of ''Pterophyllum'' kept in captivity. It is native to the Amazon Basin in Peru, Colombia, and Brazil, particularly the Ucayali, Solimões and Amazon rivers, as well as the rivers of Amapá in Brazil, the Oyapock River in French Guiana and the Essequibo River in Guyana. It is found in swamps or flooded grounds where vegetation is dense and the water is either clear or silty. Its native water conditions range from a pH of 6.0 to 8.0, a water hardness range of 5 - 13 dH, and water temperature ranging from 24 to 30 °C (75 to 86 °F). This is the species of angelfish most frequently found in the aquarium trade. A similar (cross-breeding possible) P.scalare exists in the Orinocco. They are of the same size and shape, the only difference being its stripes: the Orinocco P.scalare has thinner, but dual stripes.
As in many aquarium fish, inbreeding is a problem. All strange colours are due to heavy inbreeding. In nature this cichlid is as strong as most others of its weight, but strong individuals are very rare to find in today's aquarium trade. Hence P.scalare should not be kept together with other South American cichlids. If the water isn't "hard" (max. 10 dGH, pH-level matter less for breeding, but should always be between 6.0 and 7.5), this fish breeds very easily after raising the temperature (typically from +26/27C to +29/30C), but eggs may rot and their fry are extremely sensitive to water changes of all kinds for several weeks. If eggs are laid in a separate tank, many may survive if part of the water is changed daily but very slowly. Ideally changing 10 to 15% every day, adding the fresh water over a period of an hour or longer. Check pH of tap water, around 8 is OK. Use a thin hose from a bucket placed above the tank. Remove parents and feed with frozen red bloodworms, that is scratched with a very sharp blade (the result must be a "micronized mess") - otherwise use special liquid found in the trade.
First described by Liechtenstein in 1823, First import to Europe (Germany) by C.Ziggelkow, Hamburg in 1909〔Rüdiger Riehl, Hans A. Baensch "Akvariets lexikon" (German book translated into Swedish) Swedish ISBN 3-88244-048-1, third edition 1997, pages (765),766-767〕
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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